The COVID-19 pandemic caused a global health crisis with severe social and economic effects, formulating a converging situation with the climate change, the biodiversity collapse, the subsequent war in Ukraine and the macroeconomic recession. This combination of...
China’s economy has seen rapid development ever since its reform and opening-up strategy was launched in 1978. Strong economic expansion over the past four decades has taken China from low-income to upper-middle-income status. Looking back at the transformation that...
Most governments’ astronomical borrowing during the current pandemic pays scant attention to the effects that climate change could have on their ability to repay the debt. Here we present an analysis of countries’ sovereign debt issued in 2020, showing that the vast...
The large-scale deployment of renewable energy assets can create system-wide costs due to the impact on congestion management and reserve provision, and may have a limited effect on carbon emissions if subject to curtailment. We show how the successful UK incentive...
This report is not only about the promise such technologies hold for the clean energy transition, but about the lessons we can draw from such examples. It is about how we think, and often fail to recognise or understand the opportunities that arise from innovation and...
